伊拉克政府近年来采取多种举措恢复工业、促进经济多元化发展、努力改善民生取得的成效。国际货币基金组织近日派出专家组考察伊拉克经济形势，肯定了伊拉克加快经济重建取得的积极进展，认为伊拉克经济今年将持续回升。

稳定油气生产  提升处理能力

伊拉克石油储量居世界第五，石油产业是国民经济命脉。2022年伊拉克财政预算的96%来自石油收入。伊拉克石油部近期表示，2023年伊拉克原油出口增长至12.3亿桶，但受国际油价下跌影响，石油收入有所减少，为886亿美元。

为保持石油稳产增产，伊拉克同国际伙伴加强合作，通过设立炼油厂等延长石油产业链。今年2月，伊拉克最大的石油炼化厂、位于拜伊吉的北方炼油厂重新开工，日处理能力达25万桶原油。伊拉克总理办公室发布声明表示，在一系列举措推动下，伊拉克有望提升石油处理能力，很快实现石油产品全部自给自足，减少每年30亿美元的进口。

伊拉克是世界第十二大天然气储量拥有国，其中多数以石油开采过程中产生的伴生气形式存在。由于加工设备投资大、周期长、技术难度高，伊拉克天然气加工能力十分有限，伴生气大部分只能直接燃烧处理。与此同时，伊拉克每年要从邻国进口数十亿立方米天然气用于发电，还需进口电力以填补当地用电缺口。

为解决这一难题，伊拉克政府正与各方合作，努力提升天然气处理能力，改善经济民生。伊拉克政府2023年初宣布，希望通过3年左右的努力实现天然气自主加工生产，并且能够向国际市场出口。

发展多元经济  促进对外贸易

伊拉克总理苏达尼近日在巴士拉出席一个轧钢厂落成仪式时表示，伊拉克正积极推动非石油经济发展。巴士拉不仅是伊拉克的重要港口和石油生产基地，也正在成为重要工业中心。

2018年，伊拉克正式发布“可持续发展2030愿景”，目标是实现经济多元化、改善基础设施、扩大教育投入、加强公共治理等。近年来，伊拉克陆续投产多个化肥厂、水泥厂、钢铁厂等。今年2月，伊拉克工业城市管理局董事会讨论了在巴士拉国家钢铁公司所在地建立一个钢铁生产综合工业城市的设想。

伊拉克规划部发言人阿卜杜·扎哈拉近日表示，今年伊拉克政府将继续出台各类措施促进非石油经济增长。他表示，2024年伊拉克政府的主要任务是完成人口普查，制定2024—2028年五年发展规划，重启被搁置的大项目等。

国际货币基金组织呼吁伊拉克采取进一步改革措施，鼓励私营经济发展，推动经济多元化。为进一步鼓励支持私营经济发展，伊拉克政府决定设立永久性的“私营部门发展理事会”，由总理苏达尼担任理事会负责人。

伊拉克努力加大对外开放力度，同各方增强贸易往来。伊拉克贸易部长阿西尔·古赖尔日前在阿联酋出席世贸组织第十三届部长级会议时表示，在完成经济改革和改善投资环境后，伊拉克已具备成为世界贸易组织成员的必要条件。伊拉克期待加入世界贸易组织，以促进本国贸易和可持续发展。

完善基础设施  加强公共服务

牛津经济研究院日前发布的一份报告认为，伊拉克经济增长潜力“非常大”，人口的持续增长及基础设施建设的巨大需求将为其未来增长提供强劲动力。报告预计，伊拉克人口总数到2030年将增长8.5%、达到5080万人，其中40%的人口在15岁以下。

在2023年度财政预算中，伊拉克政府拨款1530亿美元，大规模重启基础设施建设。去年6月，伊拉克政府宣布“发展之路”基础设施建设计划，拟投资170亿美元，修建一条贯通南北的高速铁路和一条高速公路。今年2月，伊拉克政府启动两个地铁项目招标，其中纳杰夫—卡尔巴拉四站线项目规划全长90公里，连接卡尔巴拉市和纳杰夫市；巴格达地铁项目规划总长150公里，由7条线路组成，预计建设64个车站，每天可运送乘客近500万人次。

In recent years, the Iraqi government has taken various measures to restore industry, promote economic diversification and improve people's livelihood. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) recently sent a team of experts to inspect the economic situation in Iraq, affirming the positive progress made in accelerating economic reconstruction in Iraq and believing that the Iraqi economy will continue to recover this year.

Stabilize oil and gas production and increase processing capacity

Iraq has the world's fifth largest oil reserves, and the oil industry is the lifeblood of the national economy. 96% of Iraq's 2022 budget will come from oil revenues. Iraq's oil ministry recently said that in 2023, Iraq's crude oil exports increased to 1.23 billion barrels, but the impact of lower international oil prices, oil revenues decreased, at $88.6 billion.

In order to maintain stable oil production and increase production, Iraq has strengthened cooperation with international partners to extend the oil industry chain through the establishment of oil refineries. In February, Iraq's largest refinery, the Northern Refinery in Baiji, reopened with a capacity of 250,000 barrels per day. The Prime minister's office said in a statement that under a series of measures, Iraq is expected to increase its oil processing capacity and soon achieve full self-sufficiency in oil products, reducing annual imports by $3 billion.

Iraq is the twelfth-largest holder of natural gas reserves in the world, much of it in the form of associated gas produced during oil extraction. Due to the large investment in processing equipment, long cycle and high technical difficulty, Iraq's natural gas processing capacity is very limited, and most of the associated gas can only be directly burned. At the same time, Iraq imports billions of cubic meters of gas a year from neighboring countries to generate electricity, and also imports electricity to fill the local electricity gap.

In order to solve this problem, the Iraqi government is working with all parties to enhance gas processing capacity and improve economic and livelihood. The Iraqi government announced in early 2023 that it hopes to achieve independent processing and production of natural gas through about three years of efforts and be able to export it to the international market.

Develop diversified economy and promote foreign trade

Iraqi Prime Minister Soudani recently attended a rolling mill inauguration ceremony in Basra, said that Iraq is actively promoting the development of non-oil economy. Basra is not only an important port and oil production base for Iraq, it is also becoming an important industrial center.

In 2018, Iraq officially released the "Sustainable Development Vision 2030", which aims to diversify the economy, improve infrastructure, expand investment in education, and strengthen public governance. In recent years, Iraq has put into operation a number of fertilizer plants, cement plants, steel plants and so on. In February, the Board of Directors of the Industrial Cities Authority of Iraq discussed the idea of creating an integrated industrial city for steel production on the site of the Basra National Steel Company.

Iraqi Ministry of Planning spokesman Abdul Zahara recently said that this year the Iraqi government will continue to introduce various measures to promote non-oil economic growth. He said that the main tasks of the Iraqi government in 2024 are to complete the census, formulate a five-year development plan for 2024-2028, and restart major projects that have been put on hold.

The International Monetary Fund is calling on Iraq to take further reforms to encourage the private sector and diversify its economy. To further encourage and support the development of the private sector, the Government of Iraq has decided to establish a permanent "Private Sector Development Council", headed by Prime Minister Soudani.

Iraq has made great efforts to open wider to the outside world and increase trade with other parties. Iraqi Trade Minister Asir al-Ghurair said at the 13th WTO Ministerial Conference in the United Arab Emirates that Iraq has met the necessary conditions to become a member of the World Trade Organization after completing economic reforms and improving the investment climate. Iraq looked forward to joining the World Trade Organization in order to promote its trade and sustainable development.

Improve infrastructure and strengthen public services

According to a report released by Oxford Economics, Iraq's economic growth potential is "very large", and the continued growth of the population and the huge demand for infrastructure construction will provide a strong impetus for its future growth. The report predicts that Iraq's population will grow 8.5 percent to 50.8 million by 2030, with 40 percent of the population under the age of 15.

In the fiscal 2023 budget, the Iraqi government allocated $153 billion to restart infrastructure construction on a large scale. Last June, the Iraqi government announced a $17 billion "Road to Development" infrastructure plan to build a north-south high-speed railway and a highway. In February this year, the Iraqi government launched the bidding for two metro projects, including the Najaf - Karbala four-station line project planning a total length of 90 kilometers, connecting Karbala and Najaf cities; The Baghdad Metro project is planned to have a total length of 150 kilometers, consisting of seven lines, and is expected to build 64 stations, which can transport nearly 5 million passengers per day.