目前，我国综合含水率超过60%的高含水油田动用地质储量256亿吨、年产油量约1.4亿吨，均占全国的70%以上，是我国原油开发的主阵地和原油保供的“压舱石”。但高含水油田的采出程度高、生产成本高，开采难度越来越大，对技术的要求越来越高。

技术创新是石油工业发展的第一动力。我国始终把“提高采收率”作为开发永恒的主题，根据不同类型油藏面临的主要矛盾，在精细注水、化学驱、注气及稠油热采等开发技术上不断取得突破，为高含水油田控制和降低递减率及提高采收率提供了技术支撑。

中国石化针对高含水油田特点和开发矛盾，创新形成了整装油藏精细流场流线调整、复杂断块油藏立体开发等精细注水开发技术系列；建立了高温高盐油藏化学驱技术，其中高温高盐聚合物驱、无碱二元复合驱、非均相复合驱已工业化推广应用；稠油开发方面，形成了吞吐转蒸汽驱、多元热复合驱、化学降黏冷采、细分加密等技术；气驱方面，形成了陆相油藏二氧化碳驱油与埋存技术及配套工艺，推动了老油田开发极限不断突破，胜坨、孤岛、埕东、双河等老油田采收率在50%左右，部分开发单元的采收率甚至超过60%。

目前，高含水油田开发仍面临严峻挑战：一是高含水油田采出程度高，剩余油更加分散，现有开发理论和技术仍不能满足“双特高”老油田效益开发的需求，如何进一步大幅提高采收率、延长油田寿命成为急需解决的难题；二是高含水油田生产成本逐年攀升，必须平衡好产量与效益的关系；三是油田每年注入地下大量化学剂，采出大量污水污泥，同时存在设备老化、能耗高等问题，绿色低碳发展面临挑战。

针对高含水油田开发，应重点关注以下几方面工作：第一，加大基础研究力度，更加注重多信息融合油藏精细描述、特高含水阶段渗流及剩余油二次富集机理研究，建立特高含水阶段开发理论和模式，指导老油田高效开发；第二，加强低成本控水挖潜及采油工艺技术攻关，开展“水驱+”、新型复合驱、CCUS（二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存）、“热+剂+气”、油藏-井筒-地面一体化等新技术及技术组合的协同研究与试验；第三，加快与大数据、人工智能、物联网、纳米等新技术和新材料跨界融合，探索智能纳米驱油、分子采油、微生物降解残余油生成气等前沿技术，搭建多学科集成化管理平台，建设绿色智能油田，助力老油田可持续发展。

At present, China's comprehensive water content of more than 60% of the high water cut oil fields use geological reserves of 25.6 billion tons, the annual oil production of about 140 million tons, accounting for more than 70% of the country, is the main position of China's crude oil development and crude oil supply "ballast stone". But the high water cut oil field has high production degree, high production cost, more and more difficult to exploit, and higher and higher technical requirements.

Technological innovation is the primary driving force for the development of petroleum industry. China has always taken "enhanced oil recovery" as the permanent theme of development. According to the main contradictions faced by different types of reservoirs, breakthroughs have been made in the development technologies of fine water injection, chemical flooding, gas injection and heavy oil thermal recovery, which provide technical support for controlling and reducing the decline rate of high water cut oilfield and enhancing oil recovery.

According to the characteristics and development contradictions of high water cut oilfield, Sinopec has innovated and formed a series of fine water injection development technologies, such as fine flow field flow line adjustment of integrated reservoir and three-dimensional development of complex fault block reservoir. Chemical flooding technology of high temperature and high salt reservoir has been established, among which high temperature and high salt polymer flooding, alkali free binary composite flooding and heterogeneous composite flooding have been popularized and applied industrially. In the development of heavy oil, some technologies such as huff and puff steam flooding, multi-component thermal combined flooding, chemical viscosity reduction cold recovery, subdivision and encryption have been formed. In terms of gas drive, carbon dioxide drive and storage technology and supporting technology have been formed in continental reservoirs, which has promoted the development limit of old oil fields to break through continuously. The recovery rate of Shengtuo, Gudao, Chengdong, Shuanghe and other old oil fields is about 50%, and the recovery rate of some development units even exceeds 60%.

At present, the development of high water cut oilfield still faces severe challenges: first, high water cut oilfield has a high degree of recovery, the remaining oil is more dispersed, the existing development theory and technology still can not meet the needs of the "double ultra high" old oilfield benefit development, how to further significantly improve the recovery efficiency and prolong the life of the oilfield has become an urgent problem to be solved; Second, the production cost of high water cut oilfield is rising year by year, so the relationship between production and benefit must be balanced. Third, a large number of chemical agents are injected into the underground every year, and a large amount of sewage sludge is produced, while there are problems of aging equipment and high energy consumption, and green and low-carbon development faces challenges.

For the development of high water cut oil fields, we should focus on the following aspects: First, strengthen basic research efforts, pay more attention to the fine description of multi-information fusion reservoir, the study of seepage and residual oil secondary enrichment mechanism in the ultra-high water cut stage, establish the development theory and model in the ultra-high water cut stage, and guide the efficient development of old oil fields; Second, strengthen the research of low-cost water control potential and oil recovery technology, and carry out collaborative research and testing of new technologies and technology combinations such as "water drive +", new composite flooding, CCUS (carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage), "heat + agent + gas", reservoir - wellbore - surface integration; Third, accelerate the cross-border integration of new technologies and new materials such as big data, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, and nano, explore cutting-edge technologies such as intelligent nano oil flooding, molecular oil recovery, and microbial degradation of residual oil to generate gas, build a multidisciplinary integrated management platform, build a green intelligent oilfield, and help the sustainable development of old oilfields.