日前，国家能源局发布的《煤矿智能化标准体系建设指南》（以下简称《指南》）提出，到2025年，初步建立起结构合理、层次清晰、分类明确、科学开放的煤矿智能化标准体系，满足煤矿智能化建设基本需求；到2030年，煤矿智能化标准体系基本完善，在智能化煤矿设计、建井、生产、管理、运维、评价等环节形成较为完善的系列标准。

受访人士在接受记者采访时指出，相比以往的类似政策，《指南》更聚焦煤矿，综合考虑了矿山整体的智能化建设，能更有效地指导煤矿针对不同对象设立不同标准。同时，企业也在积极参与标准制定，煤矿智能化标准体系加速完善。

政策持续引领

早在2020年3月，国家发改委、国家能源局、应急管理部等八部门就联合印发《关于加快煤矿智能化发展的指导意见》（以下简称《指导意见》），提出到2025年，大型煤矿和灾害严重煤矿基本实现智能化，露天煤矿实现智能连续作业和无人化运输。中国煤炭工业协会的统计信息显示，近年来，我国已建成一批多种类型、不同模式的智能化煤矿，智能化采掘工作面由2020年的400多个增至1600个左右；煤炭数字产业营业收入、利润、研发投入等主要指标均保持了30%左右的增长态势，相关发明专利数量年均增长超25%。

围绕矿山智能化标准建设，国家矿山安全监察局去年8月曾发布《矿山智能化标准体系框架》（以下简称《标准体系框架》），其中明确了包括基础通用、数据与模型、生产系统与技术装备、决策与应用四类标准子体系，以及多个具体标准的研制方向，内容覆盖开采工艺、技术装备、数据治理、安全保障等智能化矿山全部业务领域，也考虑了矿山设计、建设、运行全生命周期的标准化需求。

对于此次《指南》的出台，国家能源局相关负责人表示，煤矿智能化是煤炭工业高质量发展的技术支撑和迫切需求，煤矿智能化标准体系在推动煤矿智能化发展中发挥着基础性、引领性作用。《指南》围绕构建适应行业发展趋势、满足技术迭代要求、引领产业转型升级的煤矿智能化标准体系，全面提升智能化煤矿建设水平，综合考虑智能化煤矿建设周期和系统层级，主要包括基础通用、信息基础、平台与软件、生产系统与技术装备、运维保障与管理5个标准子体系。

明确智能化发展大方向

中国矿业大学（北京）机械与电气工程学院副院长杨健健带领团队参与了《智能化矿山数据融合共享规范》和《指南》的编制。他在接受记者采访时指出，《标准体系框架》更倾向于安全，同时也考虑了非煤矿山的智能化建设。“相比之下，国家能源局发布的《指南》聚焦煤矿，对煤炭行业的指导作用更强。”他表示，与其他类型的矿山相比，煤矿的开采规模、开采工艺和管理理念都有所不同，因此涉及的装备也不相同。而智能化最强调装备，装备的差异意味着煤矿智能化发展有自己的技术路线和特点。

“自2020年《指导意见》发布以来，4年间，全国煤炭行业迎来技术大革新。用户和科研单位不断加大对智能矿山的投入，很多新技术、新装备在煤矿不断试用。”杨健健表示，伴随着煤矿智能化技术应用的不断推广，标准也需要持续完善。他认为，标准作为一种顶层设计，可以为各方明确智能化发展大方向。同时，标准也是对不同智能矿山技术路径的规范，“围绕一个通用的技术路径，让制造商都往一个方向走，不仅能提高效率，产品也会因此有更强的适用性。”

杨健健认为，5个标准子体系是《指南》的亮点，这些体系并不是按照生产环节进行划分，而是综合考虑整个矿山的智能化建设，将不同环节共通的技术设备分级分类，针对矿山经营、设备研发、装备制造等不同对象设立不同标准。他还指出，为保障标准后续的有效落地、持续完善，需要将验收标准和验收办法相结合。在利用验收办法指导煤矿智能化建设的同时，及时梳理和分析煤矿在智能化建设过程中遇到的问题、验收的现场情况，助推标准体系完善。

矿山无人驾驶期待行业标准

记者从国家能源集团了解到，神东煤炭集团（以下简称“神东”）依靠分布在矿井群中的110万个测点，以及30多类数据传输协议，攒下了“海量”数据家底，帮助井下设备实现联通联动。神东生产管理部的数据显示，智能管控平台体系中的机电设备有效生产时间分析系统组件模块上线运行后首月，所有综采工作面有效开机率平均上涨3%，全公司大约提升了480万吨的煤炭保障能力。

国家能源集团有关负责人表示，依托在智能矿山建设方面的丰富经验，神东参与了国家矿山安监局的《智能化矿山数据融合共享规范》系列行业标准编制。国家能源集团还完成了《智能矿山大数据技术总体架构》和《智能矿山大数据标准白皮书框架》前期编制，目前正在编制《智能矿山大数据基于矿鸿的数据采集与传输技术要求》标准。

与矿山数据不同，矿山无人驾驶目前还没有正式发布行业标准。但北京易控智驾科技有限公司战略副总裁林巧在接受记者采访时表示，国家能源集团、中国电子信息研究院、中国工业互联网研究院、车载信息服务产业应用联盟等单位已经制定多项矿山无人驾驶企业或者团体标准。

林巧进一步表示，“矿山无人驾驶行业标准制定需要应急管理部、国家矿山安全监察局、国家能源局等政府部门和中国煤炭工业协会等行业协会组织牵头，加强与研究矿山无人驾驶的高校科研院所、矿山企业、科技企业等团体之间的联系沟通。”他同时表示，行业应注重发挥标准化技术委员会或标准审查专家组的作用，提升标准审查结论的科学性、公正性、实用性和指导性。“期待后续相关政府部门建立涵盖标准立项、起草、征求意见等环节的信息平台，强化标准制定信息公开和社会监督，为未来持续完善行业标准提供保障。”

Recently, the National Energy Administration issued the "Coal mine intelligent standard system construction Guide" (hereinafter referred to as the "Guide") proposed that by 2025, the initial establishment of a reasonable structure, clear hierarchy, clear classification, scientific and open coal mine intelligent standard system to meet the basic needs of coal mine intelligent construction; By 2030, the intelligent standard system for coal mines will be basically improved, and a relatively complete series of standards will be formed in intelligent coal mine design, well construction, production, management, operation and maintenance, and eva luation.

Interviewees pointed out in an interview with reporters that compared with similar policies in the past, the Guide focuses more on coal mines, comprehensively considers the intelligent construction of the mine as a whole, and can more effectively guide coal mines to set different standards for different objects. At the same time, enterprises are also actively participating in the formulation of standards, and the intelligent standard system of coal mines is accelerating.

Sustained policy guidance

As early as March 2020, the National Development and Reform Commission, the National Energy Administration, the Ministry of Emergency Management and other eight departments jointly issued the "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the intelligent Development of Coal mines" (hereinafter referred to as the "Guiding Opinions"), proposing that by 2025, large coal mines and coal mines with serious disasters will basically achieve intelligence, and open pit coal mines will achieve intelligent continuous operation and unmanned transportation. Statistics from the China Coal Industry Association show that in recent years, China has built a number of intelligent coal mines of various types and different modes, and intelligent mining faces have increased from more than 400 in 2020 to about 1,600; Major indicators such as operating income, profit and R&D investment of the coal digital industry have maintained a growth trend of about 30%, and the number of related invention patents has increased by more than 25% annually.

Around the construction of intelligent mine standards, the State Administration of Mine Safety released the Framework of intelligent mine Standard System in August last year (hereinafter referred to as the Framework of the standard system), which clarified the sub-system of four types of standards, including basic general, data and model, production system and technical equipment, decision-making and application, and the development direction of a number of specific standards. The content covers all the business fields of intelligent mines such as mining technology, technical equipment, data governance, and safety assurance, and also considers the standardization needs of the whole life cycle of mine design, construction, and operation.

For the introduction of the "Guide", the relevant person in charge of the National Energy Administration said that the intelligent coal mine is the technical support and urgent need for the high-quality development of the coal industry, and the intelligent standard system of the coal mine plays a basic and leading role in promoting the intelligent development of the coal mine. The "Guide" focuses on building an intelligent coal mine standard system that ADAPTS to the development trend of the industry, meets the requirements of technological iteration, and leads the industrial transformation and upgrading, comprehensively improves the construction level of intelligent coal mines, and comprehensively considers the construction cycle and system level of intelligent coal mines. It mainly includes five standard sub-systems: basic general, information basic, platform and software, production system and technical equipment, operation and maintenance guarantee and management.

Make clear the general direction of intelligent development

Yang Jianjian, deputy dean of the School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering of China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), led the team to participate in the compilation of the "Intelligent Mine Data Fusion and Sharing Specification" and "Guide". In an interview with reporters, he pointed out that the "standard system framework" is more inclined to safety, but also considers the intelligent construction of non-coal mines. "In contrast, the guidelines issued by the National Energy Administration focus on coal mines and have a stronger guiding role for the coal industry." He said that compared with other types of mines, the mining scale, mining technology and management concept of coal mines are different, so the equipment involved is not the same. The most emphasis on intelligent equipment, the difference in equipment means that the intelligent development of coal mine has its own technical route and characteristics.

"Since the release of the Guiding Opinions in 2020, in the past four years, the national coal industry has ushered in major technological innovation. Users and scientific research institutions continue to increase investment in smart mines, and many new technologies and new equipment are constantly being tried in coal mines." Yang Jianjian said that with the continuous promotion of the application of intelligent technology in coal mines, standards also need to be continuously improved. He believes that the standard, as a top-level design, can clarify the general direction of intelligent development for all parties. At the same time, the standard is also the specification of different smart mining technology paths, "around a common technical path, so that manufacturers are going in one direction, not only can improve efficiency, products will therefore have stronger applicability."

Yang Jianjian believes that the five standard sub-systems are the highlights of the Guide, these systems are not divided according to the production link, but comprehensively consider the intelligent construction of the entire mine, the common technical equipment classification of different links, and set up different standards for different objects such as mine operation, equipment research and development, and equipment manufacturing. He also pointed out that in order to ensure the effective follow-up and continuous improvement of the standards, it is necessary to combine the acceptance standards and acceptance methods. While using the acceptance method to guide the intelligent construction of coal mines, it timely combed and analyzed the problems encountered in the intelligent construction process of coal mines and the on-site acceptance situation, and promoted the improvement of the standard system.

Mine driverless looks to industry standard

The reporter learned from the National Energy Group that Shendong Coal Group (hereinafter referred to as "Shendong") relies on 1.1 million measurement points distributed in the mine group, as well as more than 30 types of data transmission protocols, and has saved a "massive" data base to help underground equipment achieve connectivity. According to the data of the Shendong Production Management Department, the effective production time analysis system module of the mechanical and electrical equipment in the intelligent management and control platform system was put into operation in the first month, the effective opening probability of all fully mechanized mining faces increased by 3% on average, and the whole company increased the coal guarantee capacity of about 4.8 million tons.

The relevant person in charge of the National Energy Group said that relying on the rich experience in the construction of smart mines, Shendong participated in the preparation of a series of industry standards of the "intelligent mine Data fusion and Sharing Specifications" of the State Mine Safety Administration. National Energy Group has also completed the "Smart mine Big Data Technology Overall architecture" and "Smart Mine big Data standard White Paper Framework", and is currently preparing the "Smart mine Big Data based on mining data acquisition and transmission technical requirements" standard.

Unlike mine data, mine autonomous driving has not yet been officially released as an industry standard. However, Lin Qiao, vice president of strategy of Beijing Easy Control Intelligent Driving Technology Co., LTD., said in an interview with reporters that the National Energy Group, the China Electronic Information Research Institute, the China Industrial Internet Research Institute, the vehicle information service industry application Alliance and other units have developed a number of mine unmanned driving enterprises or group standards.

Lin Qiao further said, "The development of unmanned mining industry standards requires the Ministry of Emergency Management, the State Administration of Mine Safety, the National Energy Administration and other government departments and industry associations such as the China Coal Industry Association to take the lead and strengthen communication with research on unmanned mining universities and research institutes, mining enterprises, science and technology enterprises and other groups." He also said that the industry should pay attention to the role of the standardization technical committee or the standard review expert group to enhance the scientific, fair, practical and guiding conclusions of the standard review. "We look forward to the follow-up of relevant government departments to establish an information platform covering the standard project, drafting, soliciting opinions and other links, strengthen the disclosure of standard formulation information and social supervision, and provide guarantee for the continuous improvement of industry standards in the future."